Mikhail Mukhametdinov

Through suspension of Paraguayan membership in 2012–2013 and Venezuelan membership since 2016 MERCOSUR has shown itself as an actor capable of influencing domestic politics in its member states.

peculiar feature of the MERCOSUR process is that over half of its legislation is not enforced.

propose to define regional integration primarily as intentional harmonization of national policies among several countries as pursued by a common regional authority. Such understanding of integration automatically brings forward the necessity to consider the specific areas where integration (or policy harmonization) is taking place, thus highlighting the dimension-specific and issue-specific character of the process across various temporal and spatial examples of regionalism