In “Rome and Jerusalem: The Last National Question,” Moses Hess presents a seminal exploration of the Jewish national identity and its historical trajectory through the lens of nationalism and socialism. Written in the 19th century, Hess employs a reflective and passionate literary style, intertwining philosophical musings with socio-political analysis. The text emerges in a crucial period marked by the rise of nationalist movements in Europe, positioning Hess's arguments within broader debates about identity, belonging, and self-determination. His examination of the historical connection between Jews and their ancestral homeland resonates deeply, advocating for the establishment of a Jewish state as an essential resolution to the Jewish question of national existence. Moses Hess, a pioneer of socialist thought and an influential figure in the early Zionist movement, draws upon his own experiences and intellectual environment in crafting this work. His background—shaped by the turmoil of his time, including the impact of the 1848 revolutions—fueled his conviction that the plight of the Jewish people could be addressed through national revival. As a close associate of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Hess navigated the intersection of socialism and nationalism in a unique and transformative manner. “Rome and Jerusalem” is essential reading for those seeking to understand the complexities of Jewish nationalism and the philosophical underpinnings of the modern Zionist movement. Hess's thoughtful analysis provides rich insights relevant to contemporary discussions on national identity, making this book a profound contribution to both historical and political studies.
