Merriam Press Military Monograph No. 4. First eBook Edition, 2015. Written just after the war, reviews activities of U.S. Army’s Ordnance Department’s research and development of small arms, ammunition, artillery, bombs, armored and unarmored combat and motor transport vehicles, aircraft armament, rockets and launchers, fuels and lubricants, rubber, steel, and ballistics, from 1940 through the end of the war, plus effect of climate and terrain in jungle, cave, desert, and arctic warfare on development trends. Contents: Chapter 1: The Situation in 1940; Chapter 2: The Effect of Climate and Terrain Upon Development Trends: Jungle Warfare, Cave Warfare, Desert Warfare, Arctic Warfare; Chapter 3: The Course of Development: Combat Vehicles, Motor Transport Vehicles, Artillery, Small Arms, Aircraft Armament, Artillery Ammunition and Bombs, Small Arms Ammunition, Rockets, Fuels and Lubricants, Rubber, and Steel, Ballistics; Chapter 4: Unfinished Business, 1945. 134 photos and illustrations.